Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a kind of rare neoplasm of the thyroid gland. Because thyroid CASTLE is rare and difficult to diagnose, its clinicopathologic features have not been well defined, and no universally accepted treatment recommendation is available. We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathologic data of 8 patients with thyroid CASTLE who underwent surgery and radiotherapy at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between December 2008 and June 2012. All patients accepted radical surgery. All patients accepted postoperative radiotherapy, except one 79-year-old patient. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. The pattern of immunohistochemical staining was similar to that of thymic carcinoma. Six of 8 CASTLE cases expressed CD5. All 8 CASTLE patients were negatively expressed in thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor 1, and calcitonin. Patients with thyroid CASTLE have good outcomes after radical resection and postoperative radiotherapy. Positive CD5 immunoreactivity can contribute to diagnosis of this disease.