Spring的RabbitAdmin使用

RabbitAdmin类，可以让我们能很方便的操作队列，交换机。如：声明交换机，声明队列，绑定，清除消息，发送消息。而且可以注入到Spring的容器中，我们使用的时候直接@Autowired就可以使用。

使用方式：

1. 配置文件和依赖

tips:高版本spring-boot-starter-amqp我在测试时候报错，所以用了1.5版本springboot

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo1</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo1</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
			<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
			<version>3.6.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

#自己mq地址记得改
mq.address: 192.168.3.8:5672
mq.username: guest
mq.password: guest
mq.virtualhost: /

2. 初始化RabbitAdmin的Bean

package com.example.demo1.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author:luzaichun
 * @Date:2020/12/30
 * @Time:21:23
 **/
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Value("${mq.address}")
    private String address;
    @Value("${mq.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${mq.password}")
    private String password;
    @Value("${mq.virtualhost}")
    private String virtualhost;


    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setAddresses(address);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualhost);
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
        return rabbitAdmin;
    }

}

3. RabbitAdmin使用（希望能耐心看下代码里的注释，非常详细）

package com.example.demo1;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * @author:luzaichun
 * @Date:2020/12/30
 * @Time:21:28
 **/
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class Test1 {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

    @Test
    public void test1() {

        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("test.topic.exchange", false, false, null));
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("test.direct.exchange", false, false, null));
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new FanoutExchange("test.fanout.exchange", false, false, null));

        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("topic.queue", false, false, false, null));
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("direct.queue", false, false, false, null));
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("fanout.queue", false, false, false, null));

        //1将一个queue绑定到一个exchange
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(
                "direct.queue",//目标：队列名
                Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,//绑定目标类型：队列
                "test.direct.exchange",//交换机名称
                "direct.key",//路由key
                null));//扩展参数

        //2.1将一个交换机绑定到另一个交换机(消息流转topic.exchange->fanout.exchange)
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(
                "test.fanout.exchange",//目标：交换机名
                Binding.DestinationType.EXCHANGE, //绑定目标类型：交换机
                "test.topic.exchange", //发起绑定的交换机
                "test", //路由key
                null));
        //2.2fanout.queue绑定到test.fanout.exchange
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("fanout.queue",//目标：fanout.queue
                Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,//绑定类型:队列
                "test.fanout.exchange",//绑定到的exchange
                "",//应为是fanout类型exchange所以不需要routingKey
                null));
        
        //发送消息
        //正常的消息流转 从test.direct.exchange-》direct.queue
        rabbitAdmin.getRabbitTemplate().convertAndSend("test.direct.exchange", "direct.key", "直连交换机消息111");
        //消息先到test.topic.exchange-》test.fanout.exchange-》fanout.queue
        rabbitAdmin.getRabbitTemplate().convertAndSend("test.topic.exchange", "test", "多级流转消息2222");
    }
}

4. 观察
   

• direct.queue队列有一条消息，这条消息是从test.direct.exchange交换机路由过来的

• fanout.queue队列这条消息，消息先到达test.topic.exchange-》test.fanout.exchange-》fanout.queue。从下面2张图能看出来test.fanout.exchange绑定到test.topic.exchange，然后fanout.queue绑定到test.fanout.exchange
  
  

• topic.queue队列没有消息是正常的，因为我们没有给他绑定exchange

补充：
1.另外补充一种绑定队列交换机的方式，通过在rabbitAdmin.declareBinding时候，通过BindingBuilder来声明exchange和queue并和设置routingKey

        //3.另一种方式，在绑定的时候去声明队列和交换机以及路由key
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder
                        .bind(new Queue("test001.queue", false, false, false))//需要绑定队列
                        .to(new TopicExchange("test001.exchange", false, false))//绑定到那个交换机
                        .with("topic.test001"));//路由key```

2.rabbitAdmin除了声明exchange queue binding 发送消息等api还有如：

• purgeQueue():清空队列
• deleteQueue():删除队列
• deleteExchange():删除交换机
• removeBinding():删除绑定
  等等常用Api